Final answer:
One of the earliest works of Marathi literature is Dnyaneshwari, also known as Bhavarthadeepika, composed by Dnyaneshwar in the 13th century as a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita written in the format of masnavi (rhyming couplets).
Step-by-step explanation:
Dnyaneshwari, also known as Bhavarthadeepika, is recognised as one of the earliest works of Marathi literature. Composed by the saint and poet Dnyaneshwar in the 13th century, it is a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita and is written in the form of masnavi, which are rhyming couplets.
This work not only reflects the religious and philosophical thought of the time but also showcases the linguistic culture during the Maratha period wherein leaders like Shivaji promoted Marathi and Sanskrit over Persian at their courts, elevating regional language and literature.
The Marathi literature evolved significantly during the late Vedic period, which was between 500 and 200 BCE, a time when epic poems like the Mahabharata and the Ramayana were being composed in Sanskrit. However, Dnyaneshwari stands out as a Marathi text that mirrored the society's linguistic and cultural shifts.
Moreover, during the Gupta period, significant literary contributions like the Kamasutra and the works of scholars like Kalidasa shaped India's literary landscape. Still, Dnyaneshwari's influence on Marathi literary tradition is unique due to its language and accessibility to the common people.