Answer: Over time, the atomic model has evolved regarding our understanding of the structure and composition of atoms. Here is a brief overview of the major advancements and changes in the atomic model
Explanation:1. Dalton's Atomic Model (1803): Proposed that atoms were indivisible and indestructible particles that combined to form compounds in fixed ratios.
2. Thomson's Plum Pudding Model (1897): Suggested that atoms were composed of a positively charged "pudding" with negatively charged electrons scattered within, resembling raisins in a pudding.
3. Rutherford's Nuclear Model (1911): Based on the famous gold foil experiment, Rutherford proposed that atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the center, while the negatively charged electrons orbit around it. This model explained the existence of empty space within atoms.
4. Bohr's Planetary Model (1913): Building upon Rutherford's model, Bohr suggested that electrons exist in fixed energy levels or shells around the nucleus, and that they could jump between these levels by absorbing or emitting energy in discrete amounts.
5. Quantum Mechanical Model (1926-present): Developed by Schrödinger, Heisenberg, and others, this model introduced the concept of wave-particle duality, where electrons are described as both particles and waves. It describes the probability distribution of finding an electron in a specific region around the nucleus in terms of atomic orbitals.
6. Modern Advances: The quantum mechanical model continues to be refined and extended. New advancements, such as the development of quantum field theory and the discovery of subatomic particles like quarks and leptons, have further deepened our understanding of atomic structure and the fundamental nature of matter.