Final answer:
The State of Israel was created in 1948 after the UN proposed partitioning Palestine into Jewish and Arab states, leading to the Israeli Declaration of Independence and the First Arab-Israeli War. This resulted in significant conflict and the displacement of over 750,000 Palestinians.
Step-by-step explanation:
The establishment of Israel in 1948 was the culmination of a complex historical process, marked by geopolitical maneuvers and the tragedy of the Holocaust. The British Mandate for Palestine was in place from after World War I until 1947, during which time there was significant immigration of Zionist Jews to the region, often causing tensions with the Palestinian Arab population. The United Nations proposed partitioning Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states, but this plan was rejected by the Arab community. Upon the British withdrawal, Israel declared independence, leading to the First Arab-Israeli War. The conflict resulted in the forced displacement, known as the Nakba, of over 750,000 Palestinians, and the establishment of new borders beyond the U.N. proposal, which were fiercely contested by neighboring Arab states.
International support for a Jewish homeland was influenced by the horrors of the Holocaust and British policies restricting Jewish immigration to Palestine during World War II. Following the war, with mounting pressure, Britain referred the issue of Palestine to the U.N., which led to the partition plan and subsequent civil war in the territory. Israel defending its sovereignty and extending its borders after its victory, caused the destruction of Palestinian villages and a vast refugee crisis.