Final answer:
Triggers and stored procedures can enhance database design and performance by maintaining data integrity and reducing network traffic, respectively. However, they can also introduce complexity and performance issues if not used carefully.
Step-by-step explanation:
Triggers and stored procedures are methods in database management systems (DBMS) that enhance database design and performance. Triggers are special kinds of stored procedures that automatically execute or fire when certain events occur in the database, such as insert, update, or delete actions. As such, they can help maintain data integrity and enforce business rules without requiring additional application logic. Stored procedures, on the other hand, are sets of SQL statements that can be stored and executed on the database server, which can reduce network traffic and improve performance by allowing batch processing and execution plan reuse.
However, both of these functionalities come with potential drawbacks. Overusing triggers can result in complex interdependencies, which can make debugging and maintenance more difficult. If not carefully managed, triggers can also lead to unintended recursive execution, where triggers call other triggers, leading to potential performance degradation. Similarly, stored procedures, if not optimized, can become performance bottlenecks, especially if they contain complex queries or non-scalable code.