Final answer:
The Free Exercise Clause is a provision in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution that protects individuals from government interference in practicing their religion. It allows for religious freedom unless the government can demonstrate a compelling interest to restrict practices for the greater public good, balancing individual liberty with societal norms and rights, such as nondiscrimination.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Free Exercise Clause is part of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, which guarantees the freedom to practice one's religion without government interference. It provides that Congress shall make no law prohibiting the free exercise of religion, ensuring that individuals are free to follow their religious beliefs and practices. This clause is significant because it protects individuals from government action that may compel or prohibit religious beliefs or practices.
Controversy often arises with the Free Exercise Clause when neutral, generally applicable laws conflict with specific religious practices. For instance, government requirements for standard business services can sometimes challenge the religious convictions of business owners, as seen in cases related to serving LGBTQ+ customers. The clause delineates a fundamental aspect of American liberty: the right to practice religion as one sees fit, or not to practice at all, without fear of government compulsion or constraint.
Throughout history, the U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted the Free Exercise Clause to mean that the government must show a compelling state interest before it can limit religious practices. These protections, however, are not absolute, and the government can restrict religious practices that harm others or violate important societal norms, such as those against discrimination in public accommodations under the Civil Rights Act.