Final answer:
Echoic memory allows the brief recall of auditory information even when not actively attended to, while flashbulb memory is the clear recollection of significant events. The correct answer is option b.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sounds and words that are not immediately attended to can still be recalled a couple of seconds later because of our echoic memory. Echoic memory is a form of sensory memory that refers to the brief storage of auditory information. It is the reason we can retrieve recent sounds or words for a short period even when we haven't been actively listening. On the other hand, a flashbulb memory refers to an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event and is not related to the immediate recall of unattended auditory information.