Final answer:
Among the abbreviations listed, (c) NIDDM (Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) does not directly cause vision loss or impairment, unlike AMD, RP, and GLC which are all conditions that impact vision.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the listed abbreviations for conditions that cause vision loss or impairment, NIDDM (Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) is the exception. The conditions which are associated with vision impairment are:
- AMD (Age-Related Macular Degeneration): A common cause of blindness that occurs because cells of the macula die. It significantly affects the macula, which is responsible for sharp and central vision, leading to a black spot in the center of vision and a gradual loss of the ability to see objects clearly.
- RP (Retinitis Pigmentosa): A disease that causes deterioration of the retinas, potentially impacting melatonin levels and leading to night blindness and a gradual loss of peripheral vision.
- GLC (Glaucoma): Refers to a group of diseases that damage the eye's optic nerve and can result in vision loss and blindness.
However, NIDDM pertains to a form of diabetes that is typically managed with a combination of dietary changes, exercise, and medication, and is not directly a cause of vision loss or impairment, though it can lead to conditions such as diabetic retinopathy if not properly managed.