Final answer:
Compound A is likely benzamide, and compound B is sodium benzoate, formed from the hydrolysis of benzamide followed by treatment with NaOH, making it soluble in water.
Step-by-step explanation:
When organic compound A is treated with benzyl sulfonic chloride, it gives compound B, which is soluble in dilute NaOH. This solubility suggests that compound B is likely a carboxylate salt formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with NaOH. From the provided information, we can infer that compound A is probably an amide.
As the hydrolysis of an amide like benzamide generates benzoic acid and ammonia. Given the addition of benzyl sulfonic chloride, the resultant compound B would be a benzoic acid derivative turning into its sodium salt, which is soluble in water.
Alternatively, since benzamide can hydrolyze to benzoic acid, the NaOH can then react with benzoic acid to form sodium benzoate, which is soluble in water. Hence, compound A is likely benzamide, and upon hydrolysis and subsequent treatment with NaOH, compound B would be sodium benzoate.