Final answer:
The iron and steel industry in India is concentrated around the Chotanagpur Plateau region due to the extensive mineral wealth and availability of iron ore in the area, coupled with historical industrial growth patterns.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concentration of the iron and steel industry in the Chotanagpur Plateau region in India can be attributed to a variety of factors. A primary reason is the availability of rich mineral resources, particularly iron ore deposits, which are essential for the steel manufacturing process. The Chotanagpur Plateau is renowned for its considerable mineral wealth, making it an ideal location for the establishment of steel plants.
Additionally, historical growth patterns have influenced the concentration of heavy industries, such as steel, in particular regions. Cities like Kolkata, which previously served as an industrial hub in eastern India, have experienced a decline, leading to a ‘rustbelt’ status for some of their factories. Conversely, areas rich in natural resources, such as the Chotanagpur Plateau, have maintained and expanded their industrial activities.
Environmental concerns have also arisen due to the heavy industrialization of these areas. Air and water pollution have become significant issues associated with the dense industrial landscapes, which often accompany regions rich in natural resources that support heavy industries like steel production.