Final answer:
In a star topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point connection to a central hub, switch, or router, which acts as the central controller. It is known for its robustness to individual node failures and ease of management. The correct option is 4) star.
Step-by-step explanation:
The network topology where each device has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a central controller is known as a star topology. In a star network, all nodes (computers, printers, etc.) are connected individually to a central hub, switch, or router which functions as a signal repeater. This central node manages and controls all data traffic in the network ensuring that each device connects to the network through a direct, separate cable.
If one of the nodes or its connection fails, it does not impact the rest of the network, making the star topology robust in terms of individual node failures. The implementation and troubleshooting processes are easier in star topology compared to others like mesh, bus, or ring, because problems can be isolated quickly and corrections can be made without affecting the entire network.
The star topology is common in home networks, where a router or switch serves as the central controller, and every device connects to this router or switch using an Ethernet cable or a wireless connection. This arrangement is appreciated for its simplicity, ease of setup and management, and efficiency in handling high volumes of traffic.