Final answer:
A rootkit is a covert software tool that allows an attacker to maintain privileged access to a computer while remaining undetected. Rootkits can be self-contained, obtain higher level privileges, hide from the operating system, and sometimes inhabit firmware or be paired with keyloggers.
Step-by-step explanation:
A rootkit is a set of software tools used by an attacker to conceal their actions on an infected computer, essentially maintaining privileged access while remaining undetected. Here, we match some characteristics and symptoms of rootkits with their descriptions:
- a. Packaged as helpful application - This characteristic is typical of trojans, which often disguise harmful software as legitimate applications to trick users into installing them.
- b. Boot sector, macro, polymorphic - These are various types of viruses rather than specific to rootkits. Boot sector viruses infect the boot sector, macro viruses target documents, and polymorphic viruses change their code to avoid detection.
- c. Self contained - Rootkits are often self-contained, meaning they don't rely on other software to function.
- d. Obtains higher level privileges, hiding from OS - This is a defining characteristic of rootkits; they elevate their privileges to gain access to all parts of the operating system and conceal themselves from detection.
- e. Tracks user activity - While rootkits can track user activity, this action is more commonly associated with spyware.
- f. Infects firmware code - Some advanced rootkits can inhabit the firmware to persist even through hard drive replacements and OS reinstallation.
- g. Replication requires user interaction - This is more commonly a characteristic of trojans and viruses.
- h. Often paired with keylogger - Keyloggers are often used in conjunction with rootkits to monitor keystrokes and steal sensitive information.
- i. Used by attacker to conceal actions - This is another core function of a rootkit; it allows attackers to hide their presence and maintain long-term access to a system.
- j. Self replicating - Self-replicating malware is typically a worm, not a rootkit. Rootkits generally require manual installation by an attacker.
Understanding the nuances between different types of malware can be essential for cybersecurity measures and effective removal. Recognizing these signs can help in the early detection and remediation of infections.