Final answer:
A control chart is a statistical tool used to monitor and control processes. It consists of a center line and control limits that help identify if a process is in control or out of control.
Step-by-step explanation:
A control chart is a statistical tool used to monitor and control processes. It consists of a center line and control limits that help identify if a process is in control or out of control. In this case, we are monitoring future production based on the total number of defects in a new inspection unit.
The center line represents the average number of defects in the process. To find the center line, you would calculate the average number of defects in the given data set.
The control limits are used to determine if the process is within acceptable limits. There are typically two types of control limits: the upper control limit (UCL) and the lower control limit (LCL). These limits are calculated based on the standard deviation of the data set.
For example, if the standard deviation is 2 and the average number of defects is 10, the UCL would be 10 + (2 * 2) = 14 and the LCL would be 10 - (2 * 2) = 6. Any data points above the UCL or below the LCL would indicate an out of control process.