Final answer:
A voltaic cell produces electricity as a result of a spontaneous chemical reaction, while an electrolytic cell consumes electricity to induce a chemical reaction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The difference between a voltaic cell and an electrolytic cell lies in their structure and function. A voltaic cell, also known as a galvanic cell, has two half-cells, each with an electrode where the oxidation or reduction half-reaction takes place.
This type of cell utilizes a spontaneous redox reaction to create electrical energy, functioning as an output device, commonly used as a battery. In contrast, an electrolytic cell requires input of electricity to drive a nonspontaneous chemical reaction.
Electrolysis within these cells is used to produce elements like aluminum, chlorine, and hydrogen. Both cells have two electrodes, the anode for oxidation and the cathode for reduction, and use a salt bridge or membrane to maintain electrical neutrality between the separate solutions.