Final answer:
The untrue statement about charisma is 'D. definition of charisma is value-free.' Charisma is inherently value-laden and relates to unique qualities that set leaders apart as extraordinary.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that is not true of charisma is 'D. definition of charisma is value-free.' Charisma, as described by sociologists like Max Weber, is inherently value-laden because it relates to qualities that set certain leaders apart as extraordinary or exceptional, often seen as of divine origin or as exemplary. This implies a judgment of value concerning those unique personal qualities of the charismatic leader.
Charismatic leadership is characterized by a strong personal appeal and the ability to inspire and attract followers due to perceived out-of-the-ordinary capacities or qualities. This type of leadership often emerges in times of crisis, where leaders offer radical solutions or visions for a new order, gaining legitimacy through their exceptional personal qualities rather than through traditional or legal-rational authority. These leaders, like Hitler or Churchill, tend to hold power for short durations and can be either tyrannical or heroic. The phenomenon of charisma is complex and partly exists in the perception of the beholder - the followers who attribute such extraordinary qualities to their leader.