Final answer:
Liquid dishwashing detergents for hand washing typically contain anionic detergents like ABS and LAS, which act as surfactants, along with ingredients like sodium sulfate, DEA, and NaOH for viscosity control, foam stabilization, and pH adjustment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main ingredients used in liquid dishwashing detergents for hand dishwashing include various substances that assist in the cleaning process.
Anionic detergents, such as alkylbenzenesulfonates (ABS) and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), act as surfactants that reduce water surface tension and clean dishes by removing oils and greases. The polar groups of these detergents, like sulfonate (-SO3−), are designed to be more soluble in hard water, a trait that improves their cleaning effectiveness.
Sodium sulfate (A), Diethanolamine (DEA) (B), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (C) are also commonly found in dishwashing liquids. Sodium sulfate may be used as a filler or to control the viscosity, while DEA can function as a foam booster or stabilizer, and NaOH is used to adjust the pH level of the detergent, making it more alkaline to better cut through grease.
Sodium tripolyphosphate (Na5P3O10) (E) is another ingredient sometimes used for its water-softening properties which enhances cleaning efficiency.