Final answer:
Most individuals are institutionalized due to dependency on care as they can no longer perform basic functions. This situation is often the result of aging, lifestyle choices, working conditions, or economic factors. Resocialization can occur in total institutions, such as prisons, where individuals are isolated and must follow new rules.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main reason for most institutionalizations of an individual is the dependency on care due to physical frailty or mental incapacity. Often, those who are unable to perform basic functions such as eating, toileting, or managing household tasks become dependent on institutional care. This type of dependency can be exacerbated as a result of unhealthy lifestyles, hazardous working conditions, or simply bad luck, leading to disabilities.
In an aging population, the frailty and subsequent dependency on care sometimes become necessary as individuals lose the strength and stamina they once had to perform daily activities and contribute to the household. Significant changes in family dynamics and economic conditions, such as the shift from agrarian to industrial societies, have made it commonplace for the elderly to live apart from their grown children and therefore more likely to become institutionally dependant if they cannot care for themselves.
Resocialization is the process by which individuals undergo a change in social values, beliefs, or norms, typically through intense social processes. Such resocialization often occurs within a total institution, such as religious convents, prisons, or the military, where individuals are cut off from the broader society and made to adhere to the institution's specific rules. However, resocialization can also occur through other means outside of total institutions. Employment in physically demanding jobs, like mining and factory work, can predispose workers to an increased likelihood of disability, intensifying the probability of institutional dependency.