Final answer:
The cortical region responsible for processing sensory information from the peripheral receptors is the association area, which is connected to the primary sensory areas and essential for complex perception creation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The region of the cortical layers of the cerebrum responsible for processing afferent nerve feedback from peripheral receptors is primarily associated with the association area of the cortex. These areas are linked to the primary sensory cortical areas and are vital for the further processing of sensory information to create more complex perceptions across different senses such as audition, touch, and vision.
In particular, the processing of sensory stimuli begins in primary sensory areas, like the visual cortex, somatosensory cortex, and gustatory cortex, and then proceeds to the association areas. These areas do not work in isolation but contribute to an integrated and seamless percept of our sensory experiences.
Brodmann's areas also play a pivotal role in the localization of cortical functions, with distinct regions corresponding to specific sensory processing tasks. The cerebral cortex is, therefore, the seat of sensory perception and integration that allows for the conscious experience of the sensory world.