Final answer:
Since 1650, Europe has progressed from a mosaic of kingdoms and principalities to well-defined nation-states that reflect shared linguistic and cultural identities, although modern Europe exhibits more integrated economic and political relationships facilitated by the EU.
Step-by-step explanation:
The political landscape of Europe has seen substantial alterations since 1650 due to various socio-political evolutions. In 1650, Europe was a tapestry of kingdoms and principalities, often with blurred national and linguistic boundaries. The concept of nation-states, which today's political boundaries often reflect, was in its early stages of development. Local culture, language, and religion were fostering regional solidarity that would later contribute to separate national identities.
Throughout history, the consolidation process gave birth to countries where constitutional power was shared between rulers and subjects. By the early 19th century, many European states had formed, with a sense of shared culture and governance despite the internal diversity. Modern Europe, however, is also characterized by the advent of the European Union (EU), which has played a role in diminishing the importance of traditional national borders through economic and political integration.
The European Union's emphasis on economic cooperation and the modern realities of communication and transportation have further blurred traditional European identities, leading to a more integrated continent. Although national and linguistic boundaries still exist and are respected within Europe, they are now less dividing than in the past. This is a result of both the natural progression toward nation-states and the intentional efforts of European integration.