Final answer:
The Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930 and President Trump's 2018 tariff increases on Chinese goods are examples of policies that raised tariffs on imports. These actions aimed to protect domestic industries but often led to retaliatory tariffs and trade wars.
Step-by-step explanation:
The tariffs that raised taxes on imports include policies such as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930 and the tariff increases implemented by President Trump in 2018. The Smoot-Hawley Tariff aimed to protect American industries during the Great Depression by increasing taxes on imported goods, thereby raising their costs. Similarly, in 2018, tariffs on a range of Chinese-manufactured goods were raised by 2-25%, affecting products such as TVs, monitors, and desktop PCs. This was done with the intention of protecting U.S. manufacturers from foreign competition and supporting domestic companies. However, these tariff increases often resulted in retaliatory measures by other countries and led to trade wars, exemplified by China imposing tariffs on American goods.
Southerners, who were reliant on exporting agricultural goods like cotton and tobacco, were particularly affected by such tariffs because foreign countries would respond with their own tariffs, making American exports less competitive. Tariffs traditionally benefit regions with manufacturing industries, often in the North, rather than agricultural regions in the South and West where they contribute to higher prices for manufactured goods.