Final answer:
A magnet that retains magnetism after being removed from the magnetic field is a permanent magnet, typically made from ferromagnetic materials with high retentivity.
Step-by-step explanation:
A magnet that keeps its magnetism after being moved away from a magnet is referred to as a permanent magnet. This type of magnet, made from ferromagnetic materials such as iron, cobalt, nickel, and steel, retains its magnetisation due to its high retentivity.
For example, when an unmagnetized piece of iron is placed between two magnets and then heated and cooled, or simply tapped, it becomes a permanent magnet with poles aligned opposite to the original magnets, indicating an attractive magnetic force between them.
Magnetism is the force exerted by magnetic objects, which have a magnetic field surrounding them. Ferromagnetic materials can become magnetic when in the presence of a magnetic field and certain materials like steel can retain this induced magnetism for a long period, making them suitable for creating permanent magnets. These materials are essential in everyday applications such as the compass, where the freely rotating magnet always aligns its north pole with the Earth's north.