Final answer:
An advance directive allows someone to appoint a healthcare agent to make medical decisions for them if they become unable to express their own wishes, ensuring respect for their healthcare preferences. The correct answer for First option c. and for Second option b.
Step-by-step explanation:
An advance directive can assign a person to be a healthcare agent, who can make medical decisions in case a person becomes unable to express his or her own medical wishes. An advance directive, such as a living will, is a written legal document that details specific interventions a person wants, and may include designations like a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Order. It's an individual's proactive step to ensure that their healthcare preferences are respected, even when they cannot communicate them due to medical incapacitation. This is particularly important when dealing with end-of-life decisions and maintaining a person's dignity through choices about their care.