Final answer:
The correct answer is B. technical controls, as they involve the technological measures like authentication and encryption to protect networks and information from unauthorized access and hacking attempts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of control you are describing is best categorized as B. technical controls. These controls are specifically focused on the technological aspects of information security, including access control mechanisms, encryption, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems. Such mechanisms serve to protect network integrity, ensure data confidentiality, and maintain system availability by preventing unauthorized access and detecting potential security breaches.
Technical controls are a vital component of an organization's overall security framework, working in conjunction with operational and management controls. Operational controls involve the implementation and execution of daily procedures and security programs, while management controls encompass the strategies and policies governing security. However, the specific focus on authentication, securing data, and protecting against hackers points squarely to technical controls as the correct answer for your question.