Final answer:
Heparin and aspirin are the exogenous anticoagulants commonly used to treat at-risk heart attack patients; heparin quickly inhibits coagulation, while aspirin prevents platelet aggregation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the exogenous anticoagulants used to treat patients at risk for a heart attack or those who have just had a heart attack, heparin and aspirin are commonly used agents. Heparin works quickly to inhibit factors involved in the coagulation pathway and is often administered therapeutically in surgical patients to prevent blood clots. Aspirin, known as acetylsalicylic acid, functions by inhibiting the aggregation of platelets, making it a crucial medication during a heart attack to reduce clot-related risks. Although streptokinase is not an anticoagulant, it is a thrombolytic agent that helps dissolve clots and can significantly improve a patient's outcome if administered soon after a clot-caused stroke. Protein C, while it is an endogenous anticoagulant, is not considered an exogenous anticoagulant medication administered to patients.