Final answer:
Guru Arjan was executed by Emperor Jahangir for not complying with his directive to incorporate Islamic and Hindu references into the Sikh scriptures, the Adi Granth. This act was part of a broader pattern of conditional religious tolerance under Jahangir's reign.
Step-by-step explanation:
Emperor Jahangir:
Emperor Jahangir executed Guru Arjan for not complying with his instructions to add Islamic and Hindu references to the Adi Granth. This decision is derived from the fact that Jahangir supported the promotion of Islamic teachings and wanted to include these in the Sikh scriptures, which Guru Arjan, a Sikh leader, refused to do. Jahangir was Akbar's son and, like his father, he encouraged religious debates and tolerance but also dealt harshly with those who defied his orders. Guru Arjan, the fifth Sikh Guru, was seen as a threat due to his increasing influence and was asked to make changes to the Sikh scriptures that he did not agree with, ultimately leading to his execution.
It's important to note that Jahangir and his successors upheld some level of religious tolerance, but this was often punctuated by acts of persecution, as seen in the case of Guru Arjan. Jahangir’s approach to governance was influenced by a desire to integrate various religious communities into his empire while still prioritizing Islamic teachings.