Final answer:
Separation of powers is a fundamental principle dividing government responsibilities into three branches: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. It is designed to prevent any single branch from becoming too powerful and to ensure a system of checks and balances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The separation of powers is an important concept in political theory, particularly within the context of the United States system of government. This principle divides the government's powers among the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches, with each having distinct roles and responsibilities.
The Legislative branch is responsible for making laws, the Executive branch for implementing and executing laws, and the Judicial branch for interpreting and enforcing laws. This separation is designed to prevent any one branch from accruing too much power and to ensure that these branches work together to govern effectively.
To maintain a balance of power, the system also includes checks and balances, where each branch has some measure of influence over the other branches' actions. For example, the President (Executive) can veto legislation passed by Congress (Legislative), but Congress can override a veto with a two-thirds majority vote. Moreover, the Supreme Court (Judicial) can declare acts of Congress or the President unconstitutional. This framework promotes cooperation and prevents the unilateral exercise of government authority.