Final answer:
Geomorphologic processes like erosion, mountain building, volcano formation, and earthquakes are all attributed to the movement of tectonic plates. Erosion moves sediments, mountain building is caused by uplifting plates, volcanic activity can form islands, and earthquakes result from shifts in the Earth's crust.
Step-by-step explanation:
The matching of the geomorphic processes with their descriptions can be provided as follows:
- Erosion is a process that moves sediments (option c).
- Mountain building is caused by plates uplifting (option b), resulting from plate tectonic activity.
- Volcano refers to a geological structure where magma erupts through the crust, and can create islands in the oceans such as the Hawaiian island chain (option d).
- Earthquake involves shifts in Earth's crust (option a), often associated with plate boundaries and fault lines.
Each of these processes are intrinsically linked to plate tectonics, the movement and interaction of the Earth's lithospheric plates, which drive the dynamic changes on the planet's surface. For example, earthquakes are the result of the sudden release of energy along plate boundaries or faults, while volcanic eruptions can occur at both divergent and convergent plate boundaries, as well as at hotspots, like the one that formed the Hawaiian islands. Mountain building typically occurs at convergent boundaries, where plates collide and the land is pushed upward.