Final answer:
The term used for an educated guess formed when looking for a pattern in induction is 'conjecture'. The closest term to 'hypothesis' is 'suggestion', and the logical thinking method that involves deriving general conclusions from observations is 'inductive reasoning'.
Step-by-step explanation:
In induction, you look for a pattern and then form an educated guess or conjecture about it. Therefore, the correct answer is b. conjecture. When engaging in induction, you observe specific cases or patterns and form a generalization or a conjecture that can then be tested or examined further.
The word closest in meaning to hypothesis is suggestion, which is option d from the choices provided.
The type of logical thinking that uses related observations to arrive at a general conclusion is called inductive reasoning. This is a key aspect of the scientific method, where induction assists in forming patterns and generalizations that lead to hypotheses. These hypotheses are essential components in the process of scientific discovery and understanding.