Final answer:
The term 'Koran' designates the central religious text of Islam, believed to be the literal word of God as delivered to the prophet Muhammad. It is the cornerstone of Islamic faith and law, containing guidance on religious and ethical conduct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term 'Koran' refers to the sacred book of Islam, which was revealed to the prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel and is considered the verbatim word of God by Muslims. This divine revelation consists of messages that Muhammad recited to his followers, which were later compiled into the holy scripture, also spelled as 'Qur'an.' The text is written in eloquent Arabic prose and is seen as the finest literature in the Arabic language, carrying vital theological and ethical themes such as the omnipotence of God, the resurrection of the dead, and personal morality.
Structurally, the Qur'an is organized into chapters known as suras, highlighted by intricate rhetorical devices and a rhythmic, concise prose. It is characterized by its profound effect on Islamic culture, including the legal system known as Sharia, which is based on the Qur'an and Hadith, a collection of narratives concerning Muhammad's life and teachings. The Koran was initially transmitted orally and written down in a definitive form after Muhammad's passing, and it lays out five fundamental obligations for Muslims to fulfill during their lifetime.