Final answer:
Activated charcoal is effective in adsorbing small molecules such as alcohols, while it is not used for corrosives or certain large-molecule laxatives. It is useful in water treatment and detoxification.
Step-by-step explanation:
Activated charcoal is a form of carbon that has been treated to create a large number of small pores, increasing its surface area and making it highly effective for adsorption. It is commonly used for water treatment and detoxification due to its ability to adsorb a wide range of substances. Not everything is adsorbed by activated charcoal; for instance, it is not typically used to adsorb substances like corrosives or large molecules like certain laxatives. However, activated charcoal can adsorb smaller molecules such as alcohols, which includes ethanol found in alcoholic beverages.
When it comes to solubility, certain ions like CO32- and PO4³- typically form insoluble compounds, whereas alcohols are generally soluble in water. The question asked seems to be related to which substances activated charcoal can adsorb from a list of possible substances that might be involved in water treatment or poisoning scenarios. Given this context, alcohols would be the substances from the list provided that activated charcoal can efficiently adsorb.