Question

Use information from the data section of Atkins to calculate the equilibrium constants for the following reactions at 298 K and 325 K (use the van't Hoff equation):

HCl(g) + NH₃(g) → NH₄Cl(s)

Be careful, the section for nitrogen has some errors distinguishing between NH₃ and HN₃ use the molar mass to ensure you are using the correct entry.

Answer 1

The equilibrium constants for the reaction HCl(g) + NH₃(g) → NH₄Cl(s) at 298 K and 325 K can be calculated using the van't Hoff equation. However, since the enthalpy change value (ΔH) is not provided, the calculation cannot be completed.

Step-by-step explanation:

Equilibrium Constants and the van't Hoff Equation

The equilibrium constant (K) is a numerical value that relates the concentrations of the products and reactants for a chemical reaction at equilibrium. It is independent of the initial concentrations but dependent on the temperature. To calculate the equilibrium constant for a reaction at different temperatures, we can use the van't Hoff equation which relates the equilibrium constant at one temperature to another temperature.

Calculating Equilibrium Constants

To calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction HCl(g) + NH₃(g) → NH₄Cl(s), we need to use the van't Hoff equation:

ln(K2/K1) = ΔH/R * (1/T1 - 1/T2)

Where K1 and K2 are the equilibrium constants at temperatures T1 and T2 respectively, ΔH is the enthalpy change for the reaction, R is the gas constant, and T1 and T2 are the temperatures in kelvin.

Given the information from the data section of Atkins, we can calculate the equilibrium constants at 298 K and 325 K using the van't Hoff equation.

An Example Calculation

Since we don't have the enthalpy change (ΔH) for the reaction, we can't perform the calculation without that information. In order to complete the calculation, we need the enthalpy change value.