Final answer:
Bonobos differ from chimpanzees in their matriarchal social structure, peaceable nature, sexual behaviors, physical traits like longer legs and more head hair, retention of juvenile white tail tufts, and higher-pitched voices. Claims about differences in intelligence are not well-supported.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary differences between bonobos and chimpanzees are related to social structure, behavior, and physical characteristics. Bonobos are known for their matriarchal societies, peaceable nature, and use of sex to form social bonds and reduce conflict. In contrast, chimpanzees have a male-dominated hierarchy, are more prone to aggression, especially between groups, and exhibit less sexual behavior variety. Bonobos tend to have longer legs and more hair on their heads compared to chimpanzees.
Furthermore, bonobos retain their juvenile white tail tufts throughout their lives, while chimps do not, and bonobos also have higher-pitched voices than chimpanzees. Both species are intelligent, but claims that bonobos are more intelligent than chimpanzees are controversial and not well-supported by scientific evidence.