Final answer:
The statements referring to the Ottoman Empire are that it existed from the 13th to the 20th century, Istanbul was its capital, and it was known for its diverse cultural influences.
Step-by-step explanation:
Regarding the statements that refer to the Ottoman Empire, we can confirm that:
- The Ottoman Empire existed from the 13th to the 20th century. It was founded in 1299 and lasted until its dissolution following World War I in 1923.
- Istanbul was the capital of the Ottoman Empire. Formerly known as Constantinople, it served as a critical hub for trade and culture, epitomizing the empire's vast power and influence.
- The Ottoman Empire was known for its diverse cultural influences. It was a vast and multicultural entity, reflecting a multitude of ethnicities, languages, and religions.
- The option indicating that the Ottoman Empire was a republic in South America is incorrect, as the Ottoman Empire was neither a republic nor located in South America.
Therefore, the correct statements about the Ottoman Empire are (a), (b), and (c).