Final answer:
The process required for genetic information to exit the nucleus is called transcription. During transcription, DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which then carries the genetic information out of the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of transcription is needed for genetic information to leave the nucleus. Direct answer in 2 lines: Genetic information leaves the nucleus during transcription, where DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).
In eukaryotic cells, DNA is stored within the nucleus and holds the genetic blueprint for the synthesis of proteins. However, the machinery for assembling proteins, the ribosomes, are located in the cytoplasm. To bridge the gap between the DNA in the nucleus and the ribosomal sites of protein synthesis, an intermediate messenger is required, which takes the form of RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA). This crucial process, called transcription, involves the creation of an mRNA molecule based on the sequence of a DNA template.
The transcribed mRNA molecule then travels out of the nucleus through nuclear pores to reach the cytoplasm where translation into a protein takes place. Transcription is fundamental to the central dogma of molecular biology, which describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system from DNA to RNA to protein.