Final answer:
Mood swings are a primary indicator that a client might have an affective disorder, like depression or bipolar disorder. Other situations such as preparing to propose, being late for therapy, or substance abuse are not direct indicators of affective disorders. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is an example of an affective disorder that can be related to melatonin levels and treated with bright light therapy.
Step-by-step explanation:
One indicator that may suggest a client has an affective disorder is mood swings. Affective disorders, such as depression and bipolar disorder, are characterized by significant changes in mood and behavior. In the context of bipolar disorder, individuals experience periods of elevated or irritable mood known as mania, as well as episodes of depression, which involve feelings of sadness or hopelessness. Mood swings between these states can be a clear sign of this condition.
While preparing to propose, being late for therapy, and substance abuse could be associated with specific circumstances or other disorders, they are not as direct indicators of an affective disorder as mood swings are. Substance abuse might be a secondary issue, potentially co-occurring with an affective disorder, but it is not a singularly defining feature like mood swings.
Affective disorders, such as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), major depression, and dysthymic disorder, can significantly impair a person's quality of life. SAD, in particular, may be influenced by increased levels of melatonin, which can be triggered by the shorter daylight hours during winter months. As a non-drug therapy, exposure to bright light therapy can effectively mimic natural sunlight, potentially reducing melatonin levels and alleviating symptoms of SAD.