Final answer:
The US government established a federal district court covering Indian Territory and more than half of Arkansas, where Judge Isaac Parker sentenced 160 individuals to death.
Step-by-step explanation:
The federal district court covering Indian Territory and more than half of Arkansas was where Isaac Parker, also known as the "Hanging Judge," was appointed judge. Throughout his tenure, Judge Parker sentenced 160 convicts to death. This court was established due to the increasing need for legal jurisdiction over the territories, especially after the Civil War as the US Government sought greater control over these areas.
Judge Parker's tenure has become a symbol of swift frontier justice, although it also raises questions about the fairness of the trials given the era's racial tensions and potential for judicial overreach. His tenure further underscores the historical complexities surrounding law enforcement and jurisdictional questions in American Indian territories, an issue that persists in contemporary legal discussions, such as the recent landmark Supreme Court decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma.