Final answer:
The statement that kidney and brain cells do not have insulin receptors is false. These cells have insulin receptors that are crucial for blood glucose regulation and maintaining normal insulin function required to prevent diabetes complications.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that cells located in the kidney and brain do not have insulin receptors is false. Cells in both the kidney and the brain do possess insulin receptors. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas, particularly by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, in response to high blood glucose levels. The primary action of insulin is to facilitate the uptake of glucose into cells, thereby reducing blood glucose concentrations. Insulin binds to its receptors on the plasma membrane of cells, which triggers a cascade of events leading to glucose uptake.
Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which individuals either do not produce enough insulin (Type 1 diabetes) or the insulin produced is not functional due to resistance developed by the body's cells (Type 2 diabetes). In such cases, the negative feedback loop that normally maintains blood glucose homeostasis is disrupted. The body's inability to produce or respond to insulin leads to elevated levels of blood sugar over time, which can damage various organs and systems, including the blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves.
In conclusion, all cells that require glucose, including those in the kidney and brain, have insulin receptors to facilitate the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream. The proper functioning of these receptors is crucial for maintaining normal blood glucose levels and preventing long-term complications associated with diabetes.