Final answer:
The only statement that is not true of DNA is option C. The sequence of bases in DNA does not directly correspond to the primary structure of proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sequence of bases in DNA does not directly correspond to the primary structure of proteins. Instead, the sequence of bases in DNA acts as a template for the synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA), which then carries the information to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized. The sugar-phosphate backbone does not code for genetic information, which is accurately described in statement E. This backbone provides structural support to the DNA molecule, allowing the nitrogenous bases to engage in the crucial base pairing that encodes genetic information.