Final answer:
The Hessians were German mercenaries hired by Great Britain to fight against American colonists during the Revolutionary War. They were notably defeated in a surprise attack by George Washington on December 25, 1776, which was a turning point in the war. Their role underscored the conflict's international aspect and the colonial emphasis on popular sovereignty.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Hessians were German mercenaries hired by Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War. Their primary role was to supplement the British forces in their efforts to suppress the American rebellion for independence. Notably, on December 25, 1776, the Hessians were caught off guard during the famous surprise attack by General George Washington and his Continental Army across the Delaware River, which became a pivotal moment in the war.
These mercenaries became an integral part of the British war effort, and their involvement highlights the global dimension that the conflict took on, with international actors influencing the outcome. Their presence also affected American sentiment, as colonists were incensed by the British decision to use paid foreign soldiers against them.
The participation of the Hessians is a noteworthy example of how the issues of popular sovereignty and self-determination were central themes throughout the fight for American independence. While their defeat in battles such as Trenton galvanized American forces, their ultimate removal from the British army did not signify the end of the war, which continued until American allies like France joined the fight aiding the rebels.