Final answer:
The percent error rate refers to an acceptable level of error and the question does not provide enough context to choose the correct percentage. The sampling error of ±3 percent represents the margin of error in a study's results. The decimal reduction time is the time needed to reduce a microbial population by 90%, and the percent uncertainty for a 0.445 kg measurement with a 0.05 g uncertainty is approximately 0.011%.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Percent Error Rate and Sampling Error
The percent error rate mentioned in the question likely refers to an acceptable level of error in a process or experiment. Without more context, it cannot be determined if options A. 10, B. 5, C. 0, or D. 3 are correct, as these are simply listed percentages without a specific scenario in the question. However, in statistics and quality control, organizations often strive for low percent error rates to ensure accuracy and reliability.
When discussing the sampling error, the ±3 percent represents the margin of error in a poll or a study. It indicates that the true proportion or mean of the population being studied is expected to fall within 3 percent above or below the sample proportion or mean with a certain level of confidence.
The decimal reduction time (D value) is a microbiological term referring to the time required to reduce a microbial population by 90%, not by 10%, 0.1%, or to eliminate it. As for the statistical aspects such as testing claims or calculating the proportion of errors, a significance level like 5 percent is commonly used to determine if the results are statistically significant, and an alpha level of 0.05 (i.e., 5 percent) is utilized in hypothesis testing to decide whether to reject or accept the null hypothesis.
Concerning the question of the percent uncertainty in a measurement, we would need to apply the formula: (Uncertainty / Measured value) × 100. Thus, for a measurement of 0.445 kg (or 445 g), the percent uncertainty would be calculated as (0.05 g / 445 g) × 100, which results in approximately 0.011%.