Final answer:
Technology is the term used to describe the cultural knowledge for making and using tools as well as extracting and refining raw materials.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cultural knowledge for making and using tools and extracting and refining raw materials is known as technology. This is not just about the high-tech gadgets we are familiar with today, but it encompasses all forms of material culture, which includes everything from obsidian blades to smartphones. The ability to craft and utilize tools has been critical for human survival and has played a key role in the advancement of civilizations. Technology in anthropological terms refers to the knowledge and skills required for creating both the simple tools used by our early ancestors to the complex items used in the present day. Historically, the development of tools and the extracting of raw materials have been vital for the growth of societies. This ranges from the stone tools of the Paleolithic era to the development of agriculture in the Neolithic, and further to the processing of substances for creating pottery, garments, weaponry, and food products. Technology has always been a pivotal part of human cultural accomplishment and is evident through the archaeological artifacts discovered that range from tools, weaponry, and art, to buildings and pottery.