Final answer:
The English Bill of Rights of 1689 guaranteed the natural rights of life, liberty, and property, influenced by John Locke, and provided protections such as trial by jury and parliamentary freedoms. It heavily influenced the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, particularly the Fifth Amendment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The English Bill of Rights of 1689 is a significant historical document that guaranteed natural rights to the people of England, including the rights to life, liberty, and property. Passed by Parliament after the Glorious Revolution and the removal of King James II, it was heavily influenced by the ideas of John Locke and established the protection of these rights as a cornerstone of English constitutional practice. The English Bill of Rights laid the foundation for constitutional monarchy and affirmed rights such as trial by jury and habeas corpus, as well as parliamentary privileges like freedom of speech and regular elections.
Within the context of the American Colonies and the subsequent United States, the protections afforded by the English Bill of Rights would deeply influence the development of the U.S. Constitution and its own Bill of Rights. For instance, the Fifth Amendment, which prohibits the deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, echoes provisions from the English counterpart. This historical document underscored the importance of a government's duty to protect natural rights and affirmed the social contract theory, where governmental power is only justified through its protection of such rights.