Final answer:
Ecological principles inform effective design in built environments by integrating conservation science with local needs, using biomimicry for energy efficiency, and managing the flow of energy and materials for urban sustainability. Examples include South Africa's conservation planning, the Eastgate Centre's energy-efficient design in Zimbabwe, and sustainable urban planning accommodating transport needs.
Step-by-step explanation:
An understanding of ecological principles can significantly inform the design of built environments to be practical and effective. For instance, integrating conservation science with practical implementation as seen in South Africa's Cape Floristic Region, where decision-makers and local communities were involved in conservation planning demonstrates a synergy between local needs and ecological sustainability. Similarly, the incorporation of wetlands and lagoons connected to water treatment facilities in urban design utilizes natural systems for water purification, showcasing an application of conservation principles in managing urban water systems.
The Eastgate Centre in Zimbabwe, which utilizes only 10% of the energy compared to a conventional building of the same size, is another excellent example. Its design, inspired by termite mounds, demonstrates the application of biomimicry in architecture, leading to energy-efficient buildings. Additionally, the patterns of flow of energy and materials are crucial in attaining the ecological sustainability of urban settlements. This is directly related to how urban planning must consider the inputs and outputs of materials and energy in the development process, taking into account waste management and resource efficiency.
Fundamentally, understanding and applying ecological concepts like ecosystems, niches, habits, and the competitive exclusion principle enable the creation of built environments that are habitable for humans while being responsible towards the natural ecosystem. The challenge lies in designing systems that cater to societal needs such as transport and housing, while ensuring that these systems are sustainable and do not excessively burden the environment.