Final answer:
Gas chromatography is the type of chromatography that requires small sample sizes but separates compounds based on boiling point.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of chromatography described in the question is Gas Chromatography (GC). Gas chromatography is a technique that separates compounds based on their boiling points using a gas as the mobile phase and a stationary phase. The sample is injected into the gas chromatography column, and as the mobile phase (gas) flows through the column, the compounds in the sample are separated and elute from the column based on their boiling points, with lower boiling point compounds eluting first and higher boiling point compounds eluting last.