Final answer:
Oceanic thermal inertia slows down the rate of temperature increase. Even without human actions, there will still be some warming, with an annual temperature rise of about 0.035°C per year or about 30 years to climb 1°C.
Step-by-step explanation:
Oceanic thermal inertia refers to the idea that the ocean acts as a thermal brake, slowing down the rate at which the Earth's temperature increases. The ocean absorbs excess heat and helps to regulate the climate. However, even without human actions, there will still be some warming due to the thermal inertia of the ocean. Based on the information provided, an annual temperature rise of about 0.035°C per year, or about 30 years to climb 1°C, can be expected regardless of our actions.