Final answer:
Excommunication is the dismissal of an individual from the Roman Church, denying them access to the sacraments and communion. It is a punishment imposed for sinful behavior or going against the teachings of the Church, such as buying church offices or trying to appoint a bishop for personal gain.
Step-by-step explanation:
The dismissal of an individual from the Roman Church is called excommunication. Excommunication is the act of removing someone from the church and denying them access to the sacraments and communion. This punishment could be imposed on individuals who engaged in sinful behavior or went against the teachings of the Church, such as buying church offices or trying to appoint a bishop for personal gain.The dismissal of an individual from the Roman Church is known as excommunication. During the period of reform in the church, the Cluniac movement influenced the papacy to condemn corrupt practices such as simony and enforce celibacy among clergy. Bishops were to be elected by clergy, and kings attempting to influence these elections could face excommunication. This disciplinary measure was considered severe as it placed individuals outside the ecclesiastical community, denying them access to the sacraments and communal worship. It was used as a means to maintain church order and doctrinal purity, and as a way to reform those who engaged in activities contrary to Church laws and standards.