Final answer:
In cases of infectious arthritis, leukocyte counts usually show an elevated number of white blood cells as an immune response to the infection. Normal ranges of leukocytes vary, but an increase is indicative of an active inflammatory process. Diagnosis involves synovial fluid analysis through various laboratory methods.
Step-by-step explanation:
When assessing leukocyte counts in cases of infectious arthritis, an elevation in the number of white blood cells is commonly observed. Leukocytes, the predominant white blood cells found in peripheral blood, have normal ranges that vary across different species. For example, human counts range from 4,800 to 10,800 cells per µl. However, in conditions such as infectious arthritis, leukocyte counts tend to rise as part of the immune response to infection. Clinical symptoms of infectious arthritis can include pain, swelling, and in some instances, minimal or no redness of the affected joint area. Diagnosis necessitates the analysis of synovial fluid using methods such as direct microscopic evaluation, culture, PCR, and leukocyte esterase testing.