Final answer:
Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds found in plants that provide health benefits. They are responsible for the colors, flavors, and aromas of plant foods. Supplementing phytochemicals through fortified foods or supplements can enhance intake, but a healthy diet remains the primary source of nutrients.
Step-by-step explanation:
Phytochemicals are naturally occurring plant chemicals that provide disease- and pest-fighting properties in plants. They are found in spices, fresh vegetables, and fruits.
Phytochemicals are also responsible for the distinct colors, flavors, and aromas of plants. While some phytochemicals help protect human health by acting as antioxidants, they are not yet classified as micronutrients.
Supplementing phytochemicals refers to adding them to the diet, either through supplements or fortified foods, to enhance their intake.
However, it is important to note that supplements should not replace a healthy diet, as food is the primary source of nutrients.
Examples of naturally occurring phytochemical-rich foods include Indian spices, which are not only visually appealing but also contain a variety of phytochemicals.
These compounds protect plants from insect attacks and diseases and may have similar health benefits for humans.
Supplementation, on the other hand, involves adding nutrients or bioactive compounds that may be lacking in one's diet. Supplements can be macronutrient, micronutrient, probiotic, or herbally based.
When considering the source of phytochemicals, it's important to choose natural sources such as fruits, vegetables, and spices.
Nature-derived color additives, like annatto extract and dehydrated beets, are exempt from certification and can be used to enhance the color of food.
Fortified and enriched foods, such as calcium-fortified orange juice and breads enriched with B vitamins, are modified foods that have additional nutrients added to improve their nutritional value.
However, it's essential to consult a health professional regarding the effects of modified foods and to prioritize obtaining nutrients from whole foods.