Final answer:
Alzheimer's disease is linked to a decrease in the activity of acetylcholine, and treatments aim to enhance this neurotransmitter's function. While there's no cure, managing symptoms and lifestyle factors can mitigate risks. Continuous research focuses on the effects of proteins such as beta-amyloid and tau on neuronal functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Alzheimer's disease involves disruption in the functioning of several neurotransmitters, with one key neurotransmitter being acetylcholine. This neurotransmitter's activity is significantly decreased due to the reduced function of cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer's patients. Current treatments for the disease, like drugs that inhibit the enzyme breaking down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, work by enhancing acetylcholine neurotransmission. Although there is no cure for Alzheimer's, therapies aim to manage the symptoms through behavioral and cognitive approaches and reduction of risk factors, such as smoking, obesity, and cardiovascular issues. Engagement in intellectual activities appears to lower the risk of developing Alzheimer's. Furthermore, research continues to explore other aspects of the disease, including the influence of misfolded proteins like beta-amyloid and tau on neural function.