Final answer:
Integrated circuits revolutionized the computer industry by shrinking the size and cost of computers, leading to the inception of personal computers and the rise of companies like Apple and IBM. Moore's Law predicted the rapid advancement in computing, and by the 1980s microprocessors were commonplace, leading to a digitally enhanced lifestyle and the rise of Microsoft.
Step-by-step explanation:
Impact of Integrated Circuits on Computer Industries
The invention of the integrated circuit by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce in 1958 substantially impacted the computer industry by leading to the development of the microchip. This innovation meant that circuits which once required vast amounts of material and space, could now be compacted onto a single silicon chip, drastically reducing the size and cost of computers. It catalyzed the transition from machines that filled entire rooms to desktop boxes, giving rise to personal computers built by companies like Apple and IBM.
These advancements were followed by a surge in processing capabilities, adhering to what is known as Moore's Law, allowing computer power to double roughly every two years. This rapid evolution continued with the invention of the microprocessor by Texas Instruments and Intel in 1971 enabling further miniaturization and democratization of computing. This led to the birth of the personal computer market during the 1970s and 1980s, a market significantly grown by the entry of the IBM personal computer, and influencing the rise of Microsoft.
By the end of the 1980s, microprocessors had become ubiquitous, not just in personal computers but also integrated into vehicles, household appliances, and the emerging digital entertainment industry. The proliferation of computer technology affected various aspects of life, including transportation, communication, and entertainment, and became foundational in financial, educational, and healthcare information systems.