Final answer:
Transmembrane receptors can be classified into four types based on their effector functions: ion channel-linked, enzyme-linked, G-protein linked, and integrin receptors.
Step-by-step explanation:
Transmembrane receptors are cell surface proteins that play a crucial role in signal transduction. There are four main types of transmembrane receptors: ion channel-linked receptors, enzyme-linked receptors, G-protein linked receptors, and integrin receptors.
Ion channel-linked receptors are involved in transmitting signals through ion movements across the cell membrane. Enzyme-linked receptors, on the other hand, have an intracellular enzymatic domain that becomes activated upon ligand binding and initiates intracellular signaling pathways.
G-protein linked receptors activate specific G-proteins upon ligand binding, which then go on to activate various downstream effector proteins such as ion channels or enzymes. Integrin receptors, which are involved in cell adhesion and migration, transmit signals by interacting with extracellular matrix components.